It refers to invasive alien species, pathogens, and pests that pose a threat to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, the ecological environment, or human health. These mainly include: plant pests such as quarantine pests (red fire ants, pine wood nematodes), pathogens (Fusarium graminearum), and weeds (ragweed). Animal pests such as African swine fever virus, avian influenza virus, and parasites (such as taenia saginata).
Monitoring purpose:
Prevent invasion: Block the spread of harmful alien organisms through trade and transportation.
Early warning: detect and promptly prevent and control outbreaks to reduce economic losses.
Compliance: Meet domestic and international quarantine regulations (such as China's "Law on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine" and IPPC standards).